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I have been meaning to do a thread on a simple means of case annealing for some time now. Finally got around to it. Tools required: A propane torch A Lee case length guage & lock ring for the caliber being annealed A Lee trimmer & drill stud A Hi speed hand drill I included the case length guage and trimmer not only because you have to buy them to get the lock ring and drill stud, but also because I trim and anneal at the same time. I did 50.308 cases here and it took me about 30 minutes start to finish. So its relatively quick and simple. So here we go.
First, get everything set up. I like to sit the torch in the floor at my feet just off to the side of my chair. Load the brass case into the drill stud and lock it down. Rotate the case at full speed in the drill and stick the neck into the flame. It just takes a couple seconds to anneal so you gotta pay close attention. Watch the flame coming off the casemouth and pull the case when the flame turns orange (approxiamtely 3-4 seconds). I then insert the caselength guage and trimmer and trim them to minimum spec.
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After trimming i unlock them from the drill stud and set them aside. Dont worry they are suprisingly cool for just having spent 4 seconds in a 2500 degree flame. Ill admit there is somewhat of an art to this method in that you dont have a thermometer, or an jig to automatically reproduce the same results time after time, or anything like that. So ill show you guys the 'orange flag' again. The 'Orange Flag' tells you its done annealing and any longer and you will scorch the case and make the neck brittle, thus ruining it. Note the orange flame coming just off the casemouth.
It will only do this just as the case starts to glow red and it is the exact moment you want to remove the case from the flame. I turn them in the flame just until the mouth begins to turn cherry then remove it. If you watch an induction annealing process or a commercial furnace conveyor like the factories use they all are using different methods to get the same end result. The case mouth just starts to glow when the case is pulled away from the heat and set aside to cool or water quenched.
Im NOT heating the cases to 2500 degrees thats just my guess at the approximate temp of the map gas flame. Which is a tad low. Its actually alot closer to 4000 degrees farenheit according to wiki. The cases are prolly getting to somewhere between 200 and 300 degrees below the shoulder as I can handle them long enough to take them out of the lock stud after annealing. The mouth is the only part that even comes close to glowing red. Which is exactly what you want. Some folks quench with water, I only quench small cases like.223s.
The bigger cases I air cool. JLA: Why not use the temperature sensitive paints to assure you never get above the temperature that hurts the brass. It is said to be a narrow band of temperature of less than about 50 degrees or so (?) that is 'correct' for proper annealing without ruining the brass. See the article below from The problem with winging the temperature is that a subtle grain change occurs at higher temps that reduced the strength of the brass significantly according to the article (??). LDBennett Optimal Case Temperatures for Successful Annealing Brass is an excellent conductor of heat.
A flame applied at any point on a case for a short time will cause the rest of the case to heat very quickly. There are several temperatures at which brass is affected. Also, the time the brass remains at a given temperature will have an effect. Brass which has been 'work hardened' (sometimes referred to as 'cold worked') is unaffected by temperatures (Fahrenheit) up to 482 degrees (F) regardless of the time it is left at this temperature. At about 495 degrees (F) some changes in grain structure begins to occur, although the brass remains about as hard as before-it would take a laboratory analysis to see the changes that take place at this temperature.
The trick is to heat the neck just to the point where the grain structure becomes sufficiently large enough to give the case a springy property, leaving the body changed but little, and the head of the case virtually unchanged. If cases are heated to about 600 degrees (F) for one hour, they will be thoroughly annealed-head and body included. That is, they will be ruined.
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(For a temperature comparison, pure lead melts at 621.3 degrees F). The critical time and temperature at which the grain structure reforms into something suitable for case necks is 662 degrees (F) for some 15 minutes. A higher temperature, say from 750 to 800 degrees, will do the same job in a few seconds.
If brass is allowed to reach temperatures higher than this (regardless of the time), it will be made irretrievably and irrevocably too soft. Brass will begin to glow a faint orange at about 950 degrees (F). Even if the heating is stopped at a couple of hundred degrees below this temperature, the damage has been done-it will be too soft. From this discussion we can see that there are four considerations concerning time and temperature: 1. Due to conduction, the amount of heat necessary to sufficiently anneal the case neck is great enough to ruin the rest of the case. If the case necks are exposed to heat for a sufficient period of time, a lower temperature can be used.
The longer the case necks are exposed to heat, the greater the possibility that too much heat will be conducted into the body and head, thereby ruining the cases. The higher the temperature, the less time the case necks will be exposed to heat, and there will be insufficient time for heat to be conducted into the body and head. You can see that there are a couple of Catch-22s involved in this annealing business. On the one hand, the brass conducts heat quite rapidly, and a fairly high temperature with sufficient time must be attained to do the job. On the other hand, too much time cancels the effect, and we will be left with a case that is too soft and not suitable for anything but scrap. Obviously, there must be a solution; otherwise, not even the cartridge manufacturers could do it right.
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Purpose/Objectives: Case managers (CMs) today are involved in many different care scenarios. They collaborate with many professionals in the multidisciplinary care team. CMs work to facilitate improved patient outcomes and help patients, family members, and providers establish and work toward similar goals. Often these involve end-of-life and critical care, which can call ethics consultations or utilization of other resources to help facilitate communication toward these goals. The objective of this article was to help increase CMs comfort level with starting to apply the 4 basic ethical principles to practice in basic concept.
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Primary Practice Setting(s): Inpatient acute care as well as outpatient settings, such as physician offices, and home health care settings. Findings/Conclusions: Knowledge and a comfort level in applying the 4 ethical principles can help establish the CM role in facilitating communication among care providers, as they work toward a common goal in the treatment plan. Understanding the principles and applying them in basic concept can help CMs participate in conflict resolution or appropriate referrals to ethics committees. Implications for Case Management Practice: Complex medical situations and care issues can lead to conflicts. Knowledge of basic ethical principles and core concepts may be a useful tool for CMs as they collaborate and communicate with patients, family members, and health care providers.
Facilitating communication about the treatment plan, and acting as patient advocate, can optimize outcomes and potentially reduce length of stay. Mary Victoria Weise, RN, BSN, OCN, is Transplant Coordinator at Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix. She has worked as an inpatient RN Case Manager for 17 years and served on hospital Ethics Committees for 15 years. Mary has completed some graduate studies in the Applied Health Ethics program at Arizona State University. She received her Bachelor's Degree from Purdue University and is certified in Oncology Nursing. Address correspondence to Mary Victoria Weise, RN, BSN, OCN, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85054 ( ). The author reports no conflicts of interest.
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